An important functional material with unique physicochemical properties, widely applied in many high-tech fields.

1. Characteristics

1) Electrical Properties

   ・Pure InO₂O₃ is an n-type semiconductor with a band-gap of about 3.5-3.7 eV,

   and its resistivity can be low as10-⁴ Ω-cm after addition.
  ・High carrier mobility suitable for the production of transparent conductive thin films.

2) Optical performance

   ・Transmittance >85% in the visible region (380-780 nm), high reflectivity in the infrared region, and strong absorption in the     

      ultraviolet region.

   ・Refractive index of approximately 2.0, which can be used for optical coating design.

3) Thermal and mechanical performance

   ・Melting point is about 1910°C, and coefficient of thermal expansion is consistent with that of glass substrates, making it suitable

      for high-temperature deposition processes.

   ・Although it has high hardness (Mohs hardness 6-7), it is highly brittleness and requires careful processing.

4) Chemical stability

   ・The alloy is resistant to acid-alkali corrosion, insoluble in water and organic solvents at room temperature, and can react with     

      strong acids at high temperatures.

2. Main applications

1）Transparent conductive film (TCF)

    ・Applications: Touch panels (cellphones, tablets), liquid crystal display (LCD), OLED, solar cell electrodes.

    ・Advantage: High light transmittance + low resistance to replace conventional metal electrodes.

2) Photovoltaic field

    ・Transparent front electrodes for thin film solar cells such as CIGS and perovskite cells to improve light absorption and current       collection efficiency.

3）Energy-saving coatings

    ・Architectural glass Low-E plating film: Reflects infrared rays to regulate indoor temperature and reduce energy consumption.

4) Gas sensors

    ・Sensitive to gases such as CO and NO₂, used for environmental monitoring and industrial safety devices.

5) Special Functional Coatings

    ・Antistatic coatings: electronic equipment screens and electromagnetic shielding.

    ・Anti-clouding coatings: automotive glass, camera lenses.