In target is important sputtering materials, mainly made from high-purity metallic indium (In), and widely applied in fields such as semiconductors, display panels, and solar cells due to their unique physical and chemical properties.

1. Characteristics

１）Excellent electrical conductivity and light transmittance

・In has a low resistivity (~8.37 x 10 tantalum Ω-m), making it suitable for the preparation of transparent conductive

　thin films such as ITO targets.

・The visible light transmittance >95% and UV absorption ≥70% of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) thin film are widely applied to

　Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) and touch screens.

２）Low melting point and high boiling point

・The melting point of In is at 156.61°C, and the boiling point reaches 2080°C. It is suitable for low temperature coating process and at the same time can maintain stability under high temperature environment.

３）Good ductility and plasticity

・In is softer than lead and can be crimped into extremely thin metal strips (e.g., In foil) suitable for precision membranes　and vacuum sealing materials.

４）Chemical stability and corrosion resistance

・In is not easily oxidized at room temperature, but at high temperatures, an oxide film is formed and can be used for corrosion resistant coatings.

・The In layer resists seawater erosion and is often used in ship reflectors and vacuum equipment.

５）High Purity and Uniformity

・The purity of industrial-grade In targets is usually ≥99.995% (4N5) and can reach 99.9999% (6N) in some cases, ensuring high quality of thin film deposition.

2. Main Applications

１）ITO targets (Liquid crystal display (LCD), touch panels)

・70% of the world's indium is used in the production of ITO targets, which are used in the manufacture of

・It is also used in touch screens, energy-saving glass, automotive displays, etc.　　　　　

２）Semiconductor and Microelectronics Industry

・Used to manufacture PNP germanium transistors, infrared detectors such as In antimonide, and photoelectric devices.

・It is used as a conductive layer or solder in integrated circuits. 

３）Solar cells (CIGS thin-film cells)

・CIGS thin-film solar cells have high photoelectric conversion efficiency (similar to crystalline silicon cells) and low cost.

４）Aerospace and nuclear industries

・Used to manufacture neutron detectors and nuclear reactor control rods (In alloys)

・High vacuum sealing material as aerospace equipment.

５）Industrial and decorative coatings

・In-bearing In coatings can extend usage life by a factor of 5 or more. 

・Mirror reflective coating, jewelry decoration, etc.